C++ Else If Statement

In C++, the else if statement allows programs to evaluate multiple conditions sequentially. If the first condition is false, the program moves to the next condition. This ensures different outcomes based on varying conditions.

How the Else If Statement Works

When an if condition fails, an else if statement provides another chance to check for a different condition. If all conditions are false, the else block executes.

Syntax

if (condition1) {
    // Runs if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
    // Runs if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else {
    // Runs if condition1 and condition2 are both false
}

Example: Evaluating Speed Zones

The following program determines a message based on a vehicle’s speed.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int speed = 90;

    if (speed < 40) {
        cout << "You're going too slow!";
    } else if (speed < 100) {
        cout << "You're cruising at a safe speed.";
    } else {
        cout << "Warning: Speed is too high!";
    }

    return 0;
}

Explanation of the Example:

• speed = 90
• The first condition (speed < 40) is false, so it skips that block.
• The else if condition (speed < 100) is true, so "You're cruising at a safe speed." gets printed.
• If speed were 120, neither the if nor else if would be true, so the else block would execute.